• Cell permeability allow direct measurement of apoptosis and mitochondrial potential in live cells.
• Applications - Cells can be analyzed by Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent plate reader or Fluorescent microscopy.
• Incubate for 15 minutes, wash and measure.
• Add this reagent directly to live cells in your media of choice.

Detection of the mitochondrial permeability transition event provides an early indication of the initiation of cellular apoptosis. This process is typically defined as a collapse in the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, as measured by the change in the membrane potential (YD). Loss of mitochondrial (YD) is indicative of apoptosis and can be detected by a unique fluorescent cationic dye, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl- benzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide, commonly known as JC-1. This dye has been incorporated into the user-friendly kit for the simple and reproducible detection of the membrane potential (YD) event in apoptotic cells. The kit has been formatted for use on Flow cytometers, Fluorescent plate readers and Fluorescent Microscopes

http://www.oldcitypublishing.com/FullText/JETOfulltext/JETO4.2fulltext/Yount.pdf

http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/199/4/547

Deficiency of the Cyclin Kinase inhibitor p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) Promotes Apoptosis of Activated/Memory T Cells, and inhibits spontaneous systemic Autoimmunity - J. Exp Medicine; Vol 199, Number 4, Feb 16 2004; 547-557

Defects in Cell Growth Regulation by C 18:0-Ceramide and Longevity Assurance Gene 1 (LAG1) in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) - Serap Koybasi, Can E. Senkal, Kamala Sundararaj, et al. - JBC Papers in Press. Published on August 17, 2004 as Manuscript M406920200

Anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human melanoma: Possible implications for the chemoprevention of melanoma - Minakshi Nihal, Nihal Ahmad, Hasan Mukhtar, Gary S. Wood - International Journal Of Cancer Vol 114, issue 4, pp 513-521, Dec 17 2004

Effects of a series of organosulfur compounds on mitotic arrest and induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells - Danhua Xiao, John T. Pinto, Gregg G. Gundersen & Bernard Weinstein - Mol Cancer Ther. 2005;4:1388-1398

Tocotrienol-induced cytotoxicity is unrelated tomitochondrial stress apoptotic signaling in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells - Sumit J. Shah and Paul W. Sylvester -Biochem. Cell Biol. Vol. 83, 2005

β Adrenergic receptor-stimulated apoptosis in adult cardiac myocytes involves MMP-2-mediated disruption of β₁ integrin signaling and mitochondrial pathway - Bindu Menon,Mahipal Singh, Robert Ross, Jennifer N. Johnson and Krishna Singh - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C254-C261, 2006. First published September 7, 2005

SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake protects intestinal epithelial cells against LPS-induced apoptosis and barrier defects: a novel cellular rescue mechanism? - Linda C. H. Yu Andrew N. Flynn, Jerrold R. Turner and Andre G. Buret- The FASEB Journal. 2005;19:1822-1835

Ceramide induces mitochondrial abnormalities in insulin-secreting INS-1 cells: Potential mechanisms underlying ceramide-mediated metabolic dysfunction of the β cell - R. Veluthakal, R. Palanivel Y. Zhao, P. McDonald, S. Gruber and A. Kowluru - Apoptosis Journal, Vol 10/No 4, Aug 2005

Opposing effects of bovine papillomavirus type 1 E6 and E7 genes on Fas-mediated apoptosis - Yun Liu, Zhiguo Liu, Hua Gao, You Zhou, Elliot J Androphy and Jason J Chen - Oncogene (March 2005) 24, 3942–3953 

Resveratrol-caused apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells is mediated via modulation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins

Moammir H. Aziz,Minakshi Nihal, Vivian X. Fu, David F.Jarrard and N Ahmad - Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:1335-1341

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• Lyophilized JC-1 Dye
• 10X Assay buffer